The Kaleidoscope of Microglial Phenotypes

Microglial aging in the healthy CNS: phenotypes, drivers, and rejuvenation

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), share two characteristics in common: (1) a disease prevalence that increases markedly with advancing age, and (2) neuroinflammatory changes in which microglia, the primary resident immune cell of the CNS, feature prominently. These characteristics have led to the hypothesis t...

The genetic kaleidoscope of vision

Site-specific phenotypic effects of the 73 known alleles in the rhodopsin gene that cause retinal degeneration are difficult to interpret because most alleles are documented in only one case or one family, which means variation in effects could actually arise from interactions with other loci. However, sample sizes necessary to detect epistatk. interaction may place an answer to this question b...

Brain Region-Specific Microglial Phenotypes and Responses in Parkinson’s Disease

Time turns the universal kaleidoscope

The idea of a harmonious universe is one with which scientists and philosophers have sympathized for centuries. Of course, many such as Tolman[11], have revealed difficulties with original oscillatory models, typically citing divergent entropy or difficulty with singularities. By scientific judgement and recent developments[2, 10, 8], I am compelled to resort to such a model in the description ...

Kaleidoscope laser

We report the first calculations of mode patterns of unstable-cavity lasers with truly two-dimensional transverse geometries. A detailed account of numerical techniques, incorporating a nonorthogonal beampropagation method, and results for cavities with a range of transverse symmetries, such as regular polygonal and rhomboid, are presented. In view of the beautiful complexity of the eigenmodes ...